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Guar Seed
Introduction
The guar bean or cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus) is an annual legume and the source of guar gum. It grows best under conditions with frequent rainfall, but tolerates arid conditions well. 80% of world production occurs in India, but, due to strong demand, the plant is being introduced into new areas. It is known as गवार् Gawaar in Hindi and Marathi.
Approximately 90% of the guar seed is used for the production of guar gum and the rest is used for culinary purpose and cattle feed. Guar seed consists of three parts, germ (43-47%), endosperm (35-42%) and the husk (14-17%). Guar seed extracts include Guar Split/Gum (30%), Korma (30%) and Churi (40%). Guar split/gum is further refined to guar powder for easy storage purposes. The by-product of guar gum industry is guar meal which is a source of protein and used as cattle feed. Guar seed is grown as a kharif crop in India. The crop is generally sown after the monsoon rainfall in the second half of July to early August and is harvested in late October to early November.
Approximately 90% of the guar seed is used for the production of guar gum and the rest is used for culinary purpose and cattle feed. Guar seed consists of three parts, germ (43-47%), endosperm (35-42%) and the husk (14-17%). Guar seed extracts include Guar Split/Gum (30%), Korma (30%) and Churi (40%). Guar split/gum is further refined to guar powder for easy storage purposes. The by-product of guar gum industry is guar meal which is a source of protein and used as cattle feed. Guar seed is grown as a kharif crop in India. The crop is generally sown after the monsoon rainfall in the second half of July to early August and is harvested in late October to early November.
Global Scenario
Indian dominates the production and trade in guar and its derivatives though it is also successfully grown in Pakistan, USA, South Africa, Brazil, Zaire and Sudan. India is also the world leader in the exports of guar and its derivatives followed by Pakistan. Other major countries exporting guar seed are USA and Italy.
The consumption pattern of guar seeds is largely influenced by the demands from the petroleum industry of United States of America and the oil fields in the Middle East as the derivative products of these seeds are quite useful in the petroleum drilling industries. The USA is the largest consumer with an annual consumption of 70,000 tonnes of guar & its derivatives. Germany & China account for about 24 per cent of global consumption together. The major importing countries for guar and its derivatives are USA, Canada, China, Germany, Chile and Australia.
The consumption pattern of guar seeds is largely influenced by the demands from the petroleum industry of United States of America and the oil fields in the Middle East as the derivative products of these seeds are quite useful in the petroleum drilling industries. The USA is the largest consumer with an annual consumption of 70,000 tonnes of guar & its derivatives. Germany & China account for about 24 per cent of global consumption together. The major importing countries for guar and its derivatives are USA, Canada, China, Germany, Chile and Australia.
Indian Scenario
India is the major producer of guar seed followed by Pakistan and USA. The major guar growing areas in India are Rajasthan, Haryana and Punjab. The share of Rajasthan is around 60%. In Rajasthan, Jodhpur; Sriganganagar; Hanumangarh and Bikaner are major producing districts. The rainfall pattern plays crucial role in the overall guar output as it is largely grown in rain-fed regions of North-western India. Guar seed production in India for 2010-11 is estimated around 9 lakh tones which are far higher than 4 lakh tons produced in 2009-2010. This is attributed to the higher acreage, congenial monsoon.
According to the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), the guar gum exports for 2009-10 stood around 2.18 lakh tons against 2.59 lakh tons previous year. The exports are likely to rebound during the current year above 2.3 lakh tons.
According to the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), the guar gum exports for 2009-10 stood around 2.18 lakh tons against 2.59 lakh tons previous year. The exports are likely to rebound during the current year above 2.3 lakh tons.
Important Factors to be Considered for Guar seed Trading
- Changes in domestic production due to rainfall fluctuation.
- Carryover stocks.
- Industrial demand for products & by-products of Guar seed.
- Surplus available with other exporting countries.
- Variation in demand of the importing countries.
- Currency Exchange rate: A relatively strong USD is conducive for exports and vice versa.
- Government policies: taxes/subsidies etc.
